{"id":19963,"date":"2020-03-10T15:48:15","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T14:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963"},"modified":"2020-03-10T15:49:08","modified_gmt":"2020-03-10T14:49:08","slug":"raspberry-pi-robotics-research-project-generates-a-decentralized-swarm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963","title":{"rendered":"Raspberry Pi robotics research project generates a decentralized swarm!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19964\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?resize=560%2C250&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?w=1240&amp;ssl=1 1240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?resize=300%2C134&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?resize=1024%2C457&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?resize=768%2C343&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?resize=560%2C250&amp;ssl=1 560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?resize=260%2C116&amp;ssl=1 260w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?resize=160%2C71&amp;ssl=1 160w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?w=1120&amp;ssl=1 1120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A group of researches at Northwestern University in Illinois, USA have used 100 Raspberry Pis on a small robot chassis to develop swarm behaviour. Without centralised control, these robots form shapes by communicating with each other. The robots don&#8217;t &#8220;care&#8221; which robot is in which position, but they all have the same goal so they can autonomously decide to swap positions or destinations depending on their relative positions and direction of travel. Due to the distributed nature of the movement algorithm, the researchers are confident that the robots will always end up defining the correct shape, without deadlocks. As far as they know, this algorithm is unique in its approach and the first to be able to do the task without getting in a pickle!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19965\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?resize=560%2C292&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?w=1240&amp;ssl=1 1240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?resize=300%2C156&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?resize=1024%2C533&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?resize=560%2C292&amp;ssl=1 560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?resize=260%2C135&amp;ssl=1 260w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?resize=160%2C83&amp;ssl=1 160w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm_diagram.jpg?w=1120&amp;ssl=1 1120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The robots (known as Coachbots) look like they use either 3B+ Raspberry Pis or version 4s, as they have the heat spreader covering over the CPU. <a href=\"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/automaton\/robotics\/robotics-hardware\/swarm-of-robots-forms-complex-shapes-without-centralized-control\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Project lead Mike Rubenstein was interviewed by email by the IEEE for Spectrum and you can read more there<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>You can see a video of the robots in action below. Thanks to <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/steampunk_prof\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Steampunk_prof<\/a> for noticing this one and tweeting it.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Shape Formation in Homogeneous Swarms Using Local Task Swapping\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_APqkrhvv7w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A group of researches at Northwestern University in Illinois, USA have used 100 Raspberry Pis on a small robot chassis to develop swarm behaviour. Without centralised control, these robots form shapes by communicating with each other. The robots don&#8217;t &#8220;care&#8221;&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19964,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[43,45,68],"tags":[888,771,887],"class_list":["post-19963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","category-robotics","category-science","tag-northwestern-university","tag-robotics","tag-swarm"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Raspberry Pi robotics research project generates a decentralized swarm! - Raspberry Pi Pod<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Raspberry Pi robotics research project generates a decentralized swarm! - Raspberry Pi Pod\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A group of researches at Northwestern University in Illinois, USA have used 100 Raspberry Pis on a small robot chassis to develop swarm behaviour. Without centralised control, these robots form shapes by communicating with each other. The robots don&#8217;t &#8220;care&#8221;&hellip;Read more &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Raspberry Pi Pod\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/recantha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-10T14:48:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-03-10T14:49:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?fit=1240%2C553&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"553\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michael Horne\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@recantha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@recantha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michael Horne\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michael Horne\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c27c4ef2ee1c18b130f1fcd5dcdbb263\"},\"headline\":\"Raspberry Pi robotics research project generates a decentralized swarm!\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-10T14:48:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-03-10T14:49:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963\"},\"wordCount\":209,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?fit=1240%2C553&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"northwestern university\",\"robotics\",\"swarm\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Research\",\"Robotics\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963\",\"name\":\"Raspberry Pi robotics research project generates a decentralized swarm! 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They communicate with each other over an adhoc wireless network. The boats themselves have\u00a0CNC-milled foam hulls with some 3D-printed elements. It is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;3D printing&quot;","block_context":{"text":"3D printing","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biomachineslab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/robot_scheme.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biomachineslab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/robot_scheme.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biomachineslab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/robot_scheme.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biomachineslab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/robot_scheme.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20787,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=20787","url_meta":{"origin":19963,"position":1},"title":"Decentralized robotic fish &#8211; swarming and swimming with the Raspberry Pi Zero","author":"Michael Horne","date":"30 January 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Researchers from the Self-organizing Systems Research Group at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering have created a swarm of robotic fish that can behave and adapt just like real fish (or at least an approximation of real\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;3D printing&quot;","block_context":{"text":"3D printing","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bluebot_LED-scaled.jpeg?fit=1200%2C979&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bluebot_LED-scaled.jpeg?fit=1200%2C979&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bluebot_LED-scaled.jpeg?fit=1200%2C979&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bluebot_LED-scaled.jpeg?fit=1200%2C979&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bluebot_LED-scaled.jpeg?fit=1200%2C979&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14187,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=14187","url_meta":{"origin":19963,"position":2},"title":"Build a tiny robot using a Raspberry Pi and CamJam EduKit 3 &#8211; Bring it to the Pi Party!","author":"Michael Horne","date":"21 February 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"CamJam EduKit 3, which will soon be available again from The Pi Hut, is a cheap robotics kit for the Raspberry Pi. For \u00a317 (plus delivery) you get everything you need to start experimenting with robotics. Add a chassis and a few more components, like a mobile phone\u00a0charger battery and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Big Birthday Weekend&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Big Birthday Weekend","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=84"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.corteil.co.uk\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/IMG_20160220_122638.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.corteil.co.uk\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/IMG_20160220_122638.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.corteil.co.uk\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/IMG_20160220_122638.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.corteil.co.uk\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/IMG_20160220_122638.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.corteil.co.uk\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/IMG_20160220_122638.jpg?resize=1050%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.corteil.co.uk\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/IMG_20160220_122638.jpg?resize=1400%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20156,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=20156","url_meta":{"origin":19963,"position":3},"title":"Building a quadruped robot using a Raspberry Pi 4 (and approx $900!)","author":"Michael Horne","date":"13 May 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"A group of students at the Stanford University Student Robotics group have developed a lightweight, open source quadruped robot design. They've called it the\u00a0Pupper and it runs from a Raspberry Pi 4. The cost for the Pupper is between $600 and $900, depending on the quantities involved. The best part\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Pi Wars&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pi Wars","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=138"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/pupper.jpeg?fit=750%2C563&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/pupper.jpeg?fit=750%2C563&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/pupper.jpeg?fit=750%2C563&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/pupper.jpeg?fit=750%2C563&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20074,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=20074","url_meta":{"origin":19963,"position":4},"title":"Robotics presentation from Preston Raspberry Jam &#8211; script and slides","author":"Michael Horne","date":"4 May 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Hi everyone. I've just given a talk on getting into robotics at the Preston Raspberry Jam and I promised I would publish the notes and slides. They're both PDFs and should, if I've done it right (!), include plenty of links to resources, videos etc. So, without further ado: The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Books&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Books","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=7"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/IMG_20191110_155536-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/IMG_20191110_155536-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/IMG_20191110_155536-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/IMG_20191110_155536-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/IMG_20191110_155536-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13848,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=13848","url_meta":{"origin":19963,"position":5},"title":"Packt offering free Raspberry Pi robotics e-book today","author":"Michael Horne","date":"9 December 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Packt Publishing have been offering a free e-book a day for a while now. Today is the turn of Richard Grimmett's Raspberry Pi Robotics Projects. Here is a contents listing direct from their web page: 1: GETTING STARTED WITH RASPBERRY PI 2: PROGRAMMING RASPBERRY PI 3: PROVIDING SPEECH INPUT AND\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Books&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Books","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=7"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.packtpub.com\/sites\/default\/files\/4322OT%20Raspberry%20Pi%20Robotic%20Projects.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19963"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19967,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19963\/revisions\/19967"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}