{"id":1476,"date":"2013-01-22T08:29:52","date_gmt":"2013-01-22T08:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/178.62.14.192\/?p=1476"},"modified":"2013-01-22T08:29:52","modified_gmt":"2013-01-22T08:29:52","slug":"use-raspberrypi-ram-as-swap-space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476","title":{"rendered":"Use #RaspberryPi RAM as swap space"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is interesting. Someone over at Linux Journal is using &#8220;zram&#8221; to turn half the Pi&#8217;s RAM into a swap space. They even claim to have removed the swap file entirely, which should improve the life of your SD cards.<\/p>\n<p>Most of the work was done using a script from extremeshok.com (which isn&#8217;t always up). I&#8217;ve included the complete post text here just in case they both disappear!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\">SD cards are getting better every year when it comes to wear leveling and write cycles. The concern is always that excessive use of the SD card will wear it out, and it will become read-only. Because the RPi also suffers from limited and non-expandable RAM, the issue of swap space is highly debated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\">Raspbian comes installed by default with a swap file active\u2014not a swap partition, but a swap file. Whether this swap file will wear out your SD card is still up for debate. I tend to be paranoid about such things, so I searched for an alternative. Because I have the 512MB units, I have a little more RAM to work with, so I decided to use zRam to compress some of the system RAM and use it as swap space. How does that work? Basically, zRam allows the system to use RAM as swap space, but in a compressed mode that allows it to appear as more RAM+swap than the system actually contains.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\">zRam already is compiled into the Raspbian kernel, so if you want to try my method, it just takes a little scripting. I absolutely love the script I found at the eXtremeSHOK.com Web site. That site is off-line at the time of this writing, so I&#8217;ve included the script below. Create a file called \/etc\/init.d\/zram, which contains the following:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"overflow: auto; color: #000000; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><code style=\"color: #336699;\">\n#!\/bin\/bash\n### BEGIN INIT INFO\n#Provides: zram\n#Required-Start:\n#Required-Stop:\n#Default-Start: 2 3 4 5\n#Default-Stop: 0 1 6\n#Short-Description: Increased Performance In Linux With zRam \n#(Virtual Swap Compressed in RAM)\n#Description: Adapted for Raspbian (Rasberry pi) by eXtremeSHOK.com \n#using https:\/\/raw.github.com\/gionn\/etc\/master\/init.d\/zram\n### END INIT INFO\n\nstart() {\n    mem_total_kb=$(grep MemTotal \/proc\/meminfo | grep -E --only-matching '[[:digit:]]+')\n\n    modprobe zram\n\n    sleep 1\n    #only using 50% of system memory, comment the line \n    #below to use 100% of system memory\n    mem_total_kb=$((mem_total_kb\/2))\n\n    echo $((mem_total_kb * 1024)) &gt; \/sys\/block\/zram0\/disksize\n\n    mkswap \/dev\/zram0\n\n    swapon -p 100 \/dev\/zram0\n}\n\nstop() {\n    swapoff \/dev\/zram0\n    sleep 1\n    rmmod zram\n}\n\ncase \"$1\" in\n    start)\n        start\n        ;;\n    stop)\n        stop\n        ;;\n    restart)\n        stop\n        sleep 3\n        start\n        ;;\n    *)\n        echo \"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}\"\n        RETVAL=1\nesac\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\">Then you need to make the init script executable and force it to start automatically. The following commands accomplish that:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"overflow: auto; color: #000000; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><code style=\"color: #336699;\">\nsudo chmod +x \/etc\/init.d\/zram\nsudo update-rc.d zram defaults\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<p style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.796875px; background-color: #ffffff;\">Basically, as written, the script will use half the available RAM as compressed swap space. Again, all credit goes to the folks at eXtremeSHOK.com for creating the init script. I&#8217;ve been very happy with the performance, and it enabled me to get rid of the swap file altogether.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Hopefully someone will find this information useful. Here&#8217;s a link to the article at Linux Journal.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.linuxjournal.com\/content\/your-first-bite-raspberry-pi?page=0,1\">Your First Bite of Raspberry Pi | Linux Journal<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is interesting. Someone over at Linux Journal is using &#8220;zram&#8221; to turn half the Pi&#8217;s RAM into a swap space. They even claim to have removed the swap file entirely, which should improve the life of your SD cards.&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tutorials"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Use #RaspberryPi RAM as swap space - Raspberry Pi Pod<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Use #RaspberryPi RAM as swap space - Raspberry Pi Pod\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is interesting. Someone over at Linux Journal is using &#8220;zram&#8221; to turn half the Pi&#8217;s RAM into a swap space. They even claim to have removed the swap file entirely, which should improve the life of your SD cards.&hellip;Read more &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Raspberry Pi Pod\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/recantha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-01-22T08:29:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michael Horne\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@recantha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@recantha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michael Horne\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Michael Horne\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c27c4ef2ee1c18b130f1fcd5dcdbb263\"},\"headline\":\"Use #RaspberryPi RAM as swap space\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-01-22T08:29:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476\"},\"wordCount\":407,\"commentCount\":6,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Tutorials\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1476\",\"name\":\"Use #RaspberryPi RAM as swap space - 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RPi post 3! NOTE: This was pretty much an abject failure and is only included here for completion purposes (i.e. it was on the wrong blog and I wanted it moved!) Objective Get the Pi booting from a USB flash drive. Why? For reasons of speed and to allow\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Raspberry Pi Foundation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Raspberry Pi Foundation","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=42"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/tracker\/3715640409195873782-6810938660198665607?l=raspberrypipod.blogspot.com","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1208,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=1208","url_meta":{"origin":1476,"position":1},"title":"Repair a broken SD card &#8220;superblock&#8221; on a RaspberryPi","author":"Michael Horne","date":"6 March 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Introduction This has happened to me a few times, and it\u2019s not a nice problem to find yourself in. You computer won\u2019t boot, all your filesystem checks tell you you\u2019ve a bad superblock, but you cant seem to find how to fix it. Well, here goes :-) This guide is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Software&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Software","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=49"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/how-to-fix-damaged-sd-card-android.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/how-to-fix-damaged-sd-card-android.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/how-to-fix-damaged-sd-card-android.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4296,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=4296","url_meta":{"origin":1476,"position":2},"title":"Motion detection with the #RaspberryPi camera and Python","author":"Michael Horne","date":"28 May 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Foundation forum member 'brainflakes' has managed to write a Python script to take and analyse images from the Raspberry Pi camera module in order to detect movement. He explains what it does on the forum: While watching for motion it pipes a thumbnail image from raspistill at around 1fps to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Camera module&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Camera module","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7411,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=7411","url_meta":{"origin":1476,"position":3},"title":"More on the Cacheberry Pi &#8211; Go geocaching with the #RaspberryPi","author":"Michael Horne","date":"6 January 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Paul's been hard at work turning the Raspberry Pi into a geocaching tool. Geocaching is a hobby which involves tracking down (using GPS and the naked eye) small boxes and packages. They contain a log book to record who found them and sometimes even small collectables which you can swap\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Geeky Techiness&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Geeky Techiness","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=22"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-kSF4eiaeJPs\/UsnAwbuplsI\/AAAAAAAAAi0\/xCB9kA4rCLc\/s320\/carcache.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=9","url_meta":{"origin":1476,"position":4},"title":"Operating Systems&#8230; So many, and yet so far","author":"Michael Horne","date":"20 July 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Oh, the trials and tribulations (or Tribbleations) of installing an operating system on the Pi. I tried about 5 operating systems before succeeding in my goals\u00a0including Debian Wheezy, Fedora, Arch, Risc OS... They all failed in some way, mostly to do with a) WiFi and\/or b) Bluetooth. Eventually, I found\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;My Projects&quot;","block_context":{"text":"My Projects","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=32"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/linuxtour.org\/images\/3\/30\/Debian.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":19963,"url":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?p=19963","url_meta":{"origin":1476,"position":5},"title":"Raspberry Pi robotics research project generates a decentralized swarm!","author":"Michael Horne","date":"10 March 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"A group of researches at Northwestern University in Illinois, USA have used 100 Raspberry Pis on a small robot chassis to develop swarm behaviour. Without centralised control, these robots form shapes by communicating with each other. The robots don't \"care\" which robot is in which position, but they all have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Research&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Research","link":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/?cat=43"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?fit=1200%2C535&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?fit=1200%2C535&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?fit=1200%2C535&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?fit=1200%2C535&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/swarm.jpg?fit=1200%2C535&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.recantha.co.uk\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}